ISC Class 12 Geography Important Questions 2027 (Repeated in Board Exams)

Refer to the given outline Map of India, identify the correct option and label on the Map. The longitude of India marked R: (a) 68°7'E (b) 78°30'E (c) 23°30'N (d) 97°25'E

Indian Ocean acts as a global link. Justify the statement by giving two reasons.

The country that India does NOT share a land border with is: (a) Nepal (b) Bhutan (c) Sri Lanka (d) Afghanistan

Mark and label the correct option on the outline map provided. A large brackish waterbody on the Coromandel coast is: (a) Pulicat (b) Wular (c) Chilika (d) Sambar

Mark and label on the outline Map of India: The hills where Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats meet.

Mark and label the correct option on the outline map provided. The coastal plains where the port of Kochi is located: (a) Konkan (b) Kanara (c) Malabar (d) Northern Circars

Mark and label the correct option on the outline map provided. The plateau that lies to the north of Vindhya Mountain is: (a) Malwa (b) Deccan (c) Meghalaya (d) Chotanagpur

How does the eroded landscape of Malwa plateau pose a challenge to farming?

Assess how the formation of doabs has transformed Punjab from a subsistence landscape to a commercialised agrarian economy.

Identify the shaded part in the map given above. State any two characteristic features of this relief division. What is its significance?

The Bhabar region plays a significant role in the area's ecosystem; yet it is not considered suitable for agriculture. Justify the statement by giving two reasons.

Identify the image given below and explain the formation of this geological division in India.

Manisha embarked on a coast-to-coast road trip. She journeyed from the west coast and passed through rugged hills, experienced undulating topography and finally reached the shores of the Bay of Bengal. Name any one physiographic feature that Manisha would have encountered on her trip. State any one of its characteristic features.

Assertion: The Himalayas were formed due to the collision of tectonic plates. Reason: Indian plate moved northwards and pushed beneath the Eurasian Plate leading to the compression of sediments in the Tethys Sea. (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion. (c) Assertion is true and Reason is false. (d) Assertion is false and Reason is true.

In the figure given below, B is the Deccan Plateau. Name the features marked A and C. What are the two significant differences between these features?

Briefly explain the geological evolution of the relief feature marked 'X' below.

Identify the correct option and label it on the outline map provided. The tributary of river Indus with the longest length marked P is: (a) Ravi (b) Sutlej (c) Jhelum (d) Chenab

The Himalayan rivers are still youthful, while the Peninsular rivers have attained maturity. Examine the given statement.

Examine the paradox of the River Brahmaputra as an agent of massive destruction and a vital lifeline for Assam's economy and ecology.

The only perennial river of South India is: (a) Godavari. (b) Krishna. (c) Kaveri. (d) Narmada.

Study the Rainfall and Temperature graphs for Station A and Station B. Comment on the rainfall distribution pattern in both the Stations. Give a reason for the variation in the rainfall distribution.

[context: Cyclone Dana, a severe cyclonic storm with winds up to 110 kmph, made landfall on coastal Odisha on 24 October 2024 (IMD).] What climatic conditions in India and its surrounding water bodies led to the phenomenon described above?

Study the graph given for Station A. Provide a reason for the following: Low rainfall in the months of June and July.

Study the graph given for Station A. Does Station A experience a continental or a maritime climate? Give a reason for your answer.

Study the map of India which shows areas of annual rainfall variability. Comment on the paradox of rainfall distribution in India.

Observe the map given and account for the difference in temperature.

Study the map given below and answer the question that follows. Discuss the effects of the weather phenomenon, depicted above, on Indian climate and agriculture.

Social forestry is often described as forestry of the people, for the people and by the people. Do you agree? Justify.

[context: photograph of women hugging a tree (Chipko movement)] Briefly explain any three impacts of the environmental movement, depicted above, on the Indian society.

If you were an Officer in the State Forest Department, what steps would you have taken to increase the forest cover in the state?

[context: The Nagar Van Yojana (urban forest scheme) launched in 2020 resulted in an increase of 1445.81 km of tree and forest cover (India State of Forest Report 2023).] State two objectives of the National Forest Policy based on the 'Yojana' mentioned above.

Observe the image given below and answer the questions that follow. Explore the problems related to the situation depicted in the image.

Identify the correct option and label it on the outline map provided. The state with the highest index of concentration of population marked R: (a) Bihar (b) West Bengal (c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Madhya Pradesh

Study the line graph below and answer the question that follows. What trend does the graph reveal about the sex ratio of the population in India? Discuss three factors that have led to this sex ratio.

The graph given represents demographic transition in India during the years 1901-2011. Phase III indicates a significant change in the population of India. Give any three reasons to account for this change.

The graph given represents demographic transition in India during the years 1901-2011. Why is the year 1921 called a year of demographic divide? Give any two reasons for your answer.

According to the latest census, the state with the lowest density of population in India is ______.

Briefly discuss the implications of non-working population on the country's development.

Study the sketch map given below and answer the question that follows. What type of migration is shown in the above map? Provide any one reason for such type of migration.

[context: The flow of migrants to urban cities has been increasing, exerting immense pressure on resources in urban centres.] State any three factors that determine the movement of migrants in the area referred to above.

Discuss any three problems caused by migration from rural to urban areas.

Urban sprawl is the low-density expansion of cities into surrounding rural areas. What are the two impacts of this type of urban development?

Mention any two characteristic features of compact rural settlements in India.

Discuss any two factors which determine evolution of urban settlements.

The settlement shown in the given image is growing at an accelerated rate and has turned to be a major problem of urbanisation in today's India. Discuss four problems associated with it.

Study the two types of settlements shown in the images below and answer the question that follows. Differentiate between the two settlements marked 'A' and 'B' based on occupation and population density.

Rural settlements in Rajasthan are large and inhabited by over ten thousand people. Explain any two factors influencing location and size of rural settlements in Rajasthan.

The land left uncultivated for a period of one to five years to help soil regain its fertility is called ______.

The Net Sown Area in India needs to be increased. Choose the correct reasons that justify the above statement. (P) Forest area has to be expanded. (Q) Quality of cultivable land is high. (R) Food requirements need to be fulfilled. (S) Agricultural productivity needs to be improved. (a) Only (P) and (Q) (b) Only (Q) and (R) (c) Only (R) and (S) (d) Only (P) and (R)

Briefly explain why the 'area sown more than once' is low in India.

'Telangana followed by Chhattisgarh and Rajasthan leads in community-based water conservation projects under the Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari (JSJB) 1·0 initiative by the Government of India.' (deccanchronicle.com) Assess the reasons for the above-mentioned states leading in water conservation projects.

Contrast between Canal irrigation and Drip irrigation on any four bases.

[context: Punjab, India's breadbasket, faces waterlogging due to its extensive canal irrigation system, particularly in the south-western districts, causing a decline in agricultural production and land value.] How do you think Punjab can balance its agricultural prosperity in spite of this pressing problem which threatens the fertility of land and sustainability of water resources?

[context: According to APEDA, India ranks first globally in production of bananas, mangoes, guavas and papayas, with vegetables like onions, tomatoes and green chillies dominating exports; Centrally Sponsored Schemes provide up to 85% funding for quality planting material and infrastructure.] Examine the reasons for the above-mentioned sector gaining importance in India in present times.

[context: Excerpt - 'Drone Didi' women in the Varanasi region fly agricultural drones under a government scheme, helping agriculture move from traditional to market-oriented practices.] Which strategy of second green revolution has been referred to above?

Label on the outline Map of India: The leading tea producing state of India, marked U is ______.

State any two conditions that favour the cultivation of cotton in India.

Observe the relation between the first two words and fill in the fourth word. Jowar: Maharashtra :: Bajra: ______

[context: On January 17, 2023 Reuters reported that adverse weather - excessive rainfall and cloudy weather in September and October - has hit the Indian cane crop and will reduce sugar output.] Examine how such a climatic condition can adversely affect the sugarcane crop.

Identify the correct option and label it on the outline map provided. The nuclear power plant located along the banks of river Ganga marked Q: (a) Kaiga (b) Narora (c) Tarapur (d) Rawatbhata

[context: photograph of sheets of mica] Why is the metal shown above an important component in the electrical and electronic industry?

[context: photograph of wind turbines] Why is the energy generated by the above source considered important?

[context: photograph of wind turbines] Give any two differences between the thermal power and the energy source shown above.

[context: photograph of a dam releasing water (hydel power)] State any two conditions that are favourable for generation of power from the energy source shown above.

[context: photograph of a dam releasing water (hydel power)] Briefly discuss the significance of this energy source in ensuring sustainable development.

[context: photograph of lumps of coal held in hands] The image given above shows a fossil fuel that has versatile uses. Mention any two of its uses.

[context: photograph of lumps of coal held in hands] State any two disadvantages of this fossil fuel.

Identify the correct option and label it on the outline map provided. The port built to decongest the oldest port in eastern India marked S: (a) Kochi (b) Haldia (c) Kolkata (d) Chennai

Refer to the given outline Map of India, identify the correct option and label on the Map. One of the terminal towns of the Golden Quadrilateral, marked P is: (a) Delhi (b) Chennai (c) Mumbai (d) Kolkata

Study the sketch map given below and answer the questions that follow. Give any three reasons to justify that such transport projects strengthen the industrial economy of India.

How do road and railways complement each other in a modern economy?

Explain two reasons for the presence of a dense railway network in the Northern plains.

[context: Passage - Union Transport Minister announced a new satellite based toll collection system that charges by distance travelled, saving time and fuel.] How will the development of the new satellite system, referred to above, accelerate industrialisation?

Radio continues to be a major means of mass communication in India. Comment.

Refer to the given outline Map of India, identify the correct option and label on the Map. The iron and steel industry marked with Δ, is located in: (a) Bhilai (b) Bokaro (c) Jamshedpur (d) Visakhapatnam

What is the role of raw material in determining the location of industries in India?

Annual Survey of Industries is conducted by the Indian government to measure the growth of various manufacturing industries in a year. The following graph, based on the survey, depicts a region wise percentage of industrial growth in India for the year 2023-24. Identify the fastest growing industrial region. Analyse any one factor that is responsible for its growth.

Examine the role of iron and steel industry in the economic development of India.

Analyse the growth and challenge of the cotton textile industries in India.

Label on the outline Map of India: The oil refinery marked S is ______.

There is a gradual shift of the sugar industry from North India to Peninsular India. Briefly explain any two reasons for this transition.

[context: "Indian tourism promotes sustainable, responsible and inclusive development of tourism in the country"] What does the word 'responsible' imply in the context of tourism? State two ways in which responsible tourism is practised in India.

[context: extract (poem) - tourist arrivals in India have been delayed post pandemic while neighbours woo international tourists; India lives in a non-competitive way.] In context of the above, suggest any two ways by which India can increase the inflow of international tourists.

How does the growth of tourism industry contribute to employment generation and regional economic development in India?

Give a reason for the following: The Ganga Plains is a macro region.

Why is there a need to practise Block level planning?

Chhattisgarh is predominantly an agricultural state. Give three reasons to support the statement.

Study the sketch map given below and answer the questions that follow. State any four reasons for the development of a planning region like the one shown above.

Examine any two factors that have led to the growth of Bengaluru as the 'Capital of Electronics'.

Study the sketch map given below and answer the questions that follow. What has led to the establishment of the port marked P? Name any two industries that have led to its further growth.