ISC Class 12 Chemistry Important Topics 2027
Last updated:
Every topic ranked by how often and how recently it was asked in 4 board + 5 official sample papers (2023–2027). Teal tags = board papers, orange tags = official sample papers.
Top 10 most important topics
| # | Topic | Chapter | Asked in | Importance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Arrhenius equation, activation energy from temperature coefficient | Chemical Kinetics | Sample 2025Sample 2026Sample 2027 | ★★★★★ |
| 2 | coordination number and oxidation number | Coordination Compounds | Board 2023Sample 2025Sample 2026 | ★★★★☆ |
| 3 | Clemmensen reduction | Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | Board 2023Sample 2025Sample 2026 | ★★★★☆ |
| 4 | Kohlrausch's law of independent migration | Electrochemistry | Sample 2026Sample 2027 | ★★★★☆ |
| 5 | reaction of alkyl halides with KCN and AgCN | Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | Board 2026Sample 2026 | ★★★☆☆ |
| 6 | Gibbs free energy from standard cell potential | Electrochemistry | Board 2026Sample 2023 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| 7 | distinguishing tests for carbonyl compounds and acids | Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | Board 2026Sample 2023 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| 8 | Cannizzaro reaction | Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| 9 | electrochemical equivalent and Faraday | Electrochemistry | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| 10 | colour due to d-d transition | d- and f-Block Elements | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
Chapter-wise important topics
Solutions · Physical Chemistry
| depression of freezing point, van't Hoff factor asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| elevation of boiling point, abnormal molar mass asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| molar mass from osmotic pressure, degree of association, abnormal molar mass asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| osmotic pressure comparison, mole fraction, azeotropes and non-ideal solutions asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| molar mass from osmotic pressure asked 2× | Board 2024Sample 2023 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| elevation of boiling point, van't Hoff factor, degree of dissociation asked 2× | Board 2024Sample 2023 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| effect of non-volatile solute on vapour pressure and boiling point asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| colligative property, depression of freezing point asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| abnormal molar mass, degree of association asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| osmotic pressure, depression of freezing point, osmosis, van't Hoff factor asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| characteristics of colligative properties asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| abnormal molar mass, van't Hoff factor, association/dissociation asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| isotonic solutions, osmotic pressure calculation and tonicity asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| elevation of boiling point asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| relative lowering of vapour pressure, van't Hoff factor asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| depression of freezing point application asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| antifreeze, depression of freezing point and elevation of boiling point asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| mass of solute from depression of freezing point asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| elevation of boiling point of electrolyte, van't Hoff factor asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| vapour pressure and its dependence on quantity/volume asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| effect of dissociation on colligative property and molar mass asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| van't Hoff factor and depression of freezing point of electrolytes asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| molar mass from depression of freezing point, association/dissociation asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, solubility of gases (Henry's law) asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| osmotic pressure is a colligative property asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| relation between elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| factors affecting osmotic pressure asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| van't Hoff factor for dissociation and association asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| osmosis, osmotic pressure as colligative property, reverse osmosis asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, Henry's law asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| van't Hoff factor, association/dissociation asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| osmosis, endosmosis and exosmosis asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| hypertonic and hypotonic solutions asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| isotonic solutions, molar mass from osmotic pressure asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| example of an ideal solution asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| depression of freezing point asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| osmotic pressure and isotonic solution asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| abnormal molar mass, van't Hoff factor, degree of association asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Electrochemistry · Physical Chemistry
| Kohlrausch's law of independent migration asked 2× | Sample 2026Sample 2027 | ★★★★☆ |
| Gibbs free energy from standard cell potential asked 2× | Board 2026Sample 2023 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| electrochemical equivalent and Faraday asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| reactivity from electrode potential asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| electrochemical series, reducing power asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Nernst equation, EMF of cell asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Faraday's laws of electrolysis in series asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| variation of conductivity and molar conductivity with dilution asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| degree of dissociation from molar conductivity asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| molar conductivity from conductivity and concentration asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| conductivity vs dilution, feasibility of displacement, reactivity from electrode potential asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Nernst equation, Gibbs energy, Faraday's laws asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| variation of molar and specific conductance with dilution asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| variation of molar conductivity for strong and weak electrolytes asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| standard EMF, Nernst equation, Gibbs energy asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| dry cell (Leclanche) construction and limitations asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| salt bridge role, feasibility of displacement, lead storage battery asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| reduction potential and oxidising power asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| variation of molar conductance with dilution for strong/weak electrolytes asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| corrosion of iron, standard cell potential asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| standard EMF, Gibbs energy, Faraday's laws in redox reduction asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| variation of molar conductivity with concentration, degree of dissociation asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Kohlrausch's law asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| limiting molar conductivity from Kohlrausch's law asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| comparison of limiting molar conductivities asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| degree of dissociation, weak electrolytes, feasibility from electrode potential asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Faraday's law, reactivity from electrode potential, conductivity vs dilution asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| spontaneity, sign of EMF and Gibbs energy asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| variation of specific conductance with dilution asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| specific/molar conductance, degree of dissociation, Faraday's law asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Nernst equation, EMF, Kohlrausch's law asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| primary and secondary cells asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Faraday's laws of electrolysis asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Nernst equation, standard cell potential asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| electrochemical series, salt bridge, fuel cells asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| conductivity vs dilution, spontaneity, primary cells asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| dry cell (Leclanche) construction asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| variation of conductivity with dilution asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Gibbs free energy / electrical work from EMF asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| cell reaction, EMF, Nernst equation, DeltaG, Kohlrausch law asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| specific/molar conductance, degree of dissociation, Faraday's laws in series asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| galvanic cell working / direction of flow asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| selective discharge / reduction at cathode by electrode potential asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| EMF of cell using Nernst equation asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| molar conductivity, degree of dissociation, Faraday's law asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| cell constant, molar conductivity, Gibbs free energy from EMF asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemical Kinetics · Physical Chemistry
| Arrhenius equation, activation energy from temperature coefficient asked 3× | Sample 2025Sample 2026Sample 2027 | ★★★★★ |
| rate law from initial rate data asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| first order radioactive decay, half-life asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| first order rate constant, overall order asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| order from units of rate constant asked 2× | Board 2024Board 2025 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Arrhenius equation, activation energy from two temperatures asked 2× | Board 2023Sample 2023 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| effect of concentration on rate for different orders asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| first order kinetics, time from percentage decomposition asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| order from units, pseudo first order, effect of surface area asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| relation between rate constant and half-life for first order asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| first order age from activity ratio asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| first order time from percentage completion and half-life asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| order, rate constant and rate from initial rate data asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| catalyst and activation energy asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| order and rate law from initial rate data asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| first order radioactive decay, Arrhenius activation energy asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| pseudo first order reaction and molecularity asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| effect of concentration change on rate from order asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| first order reaction time calculation asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Arrhenius activation energy, order from units of rate constant asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| rate dependence and units of rate constant for first order asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| first order half-life independent of initial concentration asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| order, rate constant and half-life from population growth data asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| order versus molecularity asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| order and molecularity from rate law asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| rate law, effect of concentration change, pseudo order asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| order and rate constant from initial rate data asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| order, rate law and rate constant from initial rate data asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Arrhenius activation energy, first order half-life fraction asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| activated complex and activation energy asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| half-life of first order reaction asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| first order rate constant, time and half-life asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
d- and f-Block Elements · Inorganic Chemistry
| colour due to d-d transition asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| paramagnetism, weak metallic bonding in Zn/Cd/Hg asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| oxidising action of KMnO4/K2Cr2O7, alloy formation asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| oxidising action of KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 asked 2× | Board 2023Sample 2023 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| paramagnetism from unpaired electrons, weak metallic bonding in Zn/Cd/Hg asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| oxidising action, chromate-dichromate interconversion asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| variable oxidation states of transition metals asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| lanthanoid contraction asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| oxidising action, paramagnetism, stability of oxidation states asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| reduction of dichromate asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| lanthanoid contraction, ionization energy of half-filled ions asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| colour of ions, definition of transition element asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| catalytic property, definition of transition element asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| reduction of dichromate by H2S asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ionisation enthalpy trend, oxidising action of KMnO4 asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| oxidising action of dichromate/permanganate, paramagnetism asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| exceptional electronic configurations of transition elements asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| complex formation and variable oxidation states asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| definition of transition element asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| colour and magnetic behaviour from d-electron configuration asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| lanthanoid contraction and Zr-Hf similarity asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| colour of ions, alloy formation, oxidising action of KMnO4/K2Cr2O7 asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| oxidising action of KMnO4 on oxalic acid asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| definition of transition element, complex formation tendency asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| lanthanoid contraction and colour of ions asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| stability of half-filled ions, colour of lanthanoid ions asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| colour and magnetic behaviour of ions asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| magnetic behaviour and stability of oxidation states asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| lanthanoid contraction and catalytic property asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Coordination Compounds · Inorganic Chemistry
| coordination number and oxidation number asked 3× | Board 2023Sample 2025Sample 2026 | ★★★★☆ |
| ionisable chloride, Werner's theory asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| VBT hybridisation and magnetic nature asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| crystal field splitting, high/low spin, ligand strength asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| geometrical/ionisation isomerism, IUPAC name, Werner's theory asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| spectrochemical series of ligands asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| writing formula from IUPAC name asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Werner's theory, CFT unpaired electrons, d-orbital splitting, isomerism asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| VBT hybridisation/geometry, geometrical isomerism, CFT configuration asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| geometrical isomerism in complexes asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| magnetic behaviour and geometry from VBT asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| iron cyanide complexes, CFT high/low spin configuration asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ionisation of complex, identification of ligand asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| crystal field stabilisation energy asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| hydrate isomerism, VBT hybridisation, geometry, ligand strength asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| geometry and magnetic behaviour of complexes asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| VBT hybridisation/magnetic behaviour, ionisation isomerism, stability of complexes asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| crystal field configuration, CFSE, isomerism, inner/outer orbital complexes asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Lewis acid-base nature of metal and ligands asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ethylenediamine is a bidentate ligand asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| isomerism types and VBT analysis of complex asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| shape and oxidation state of metal carbonyl asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| coordination number and oxidation state asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ionisation isomerism and detection asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| crystal field theory, high/low spin, unpaired electrons asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| applications of coordination compounds asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| magnetic character from VBT/CFT asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Werner's theory, IUPAC name, geometrical and ionisation isomerism asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| EDTA is a hexadentate ligand asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| isomerism types and IUPAC nomenclature asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes · Organic Chemistry
| reaction of alkyl halides with KCN and AgCN asked 2× | Board 2026Sample 2026 | ★★★☆☆ |
| diazotisation-Sandmeyer, Wurtz reaction asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| reaction of alkyl halide with KCN and AgCN (cyanide vs isocyanide) asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| nucleophilic substitution of chlorobenzene asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Williamson synthesis, carbylamine reaction, Finkelstein reaction asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov addition, symmetry of alkene asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Wurtz reaction asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Wurtz reaction and limitation for unsymmetrical alkanes asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| nature of C-X bond in haloarenes asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| optical isomerism, properties of enantiomers asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| conversion of haloarene and iodoform asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| nitration of chlorobenzene, alcohol to chloride, oxidation of chloroform asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| directive influence in haloarenes asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| electrophilic halogenation of benzene, role of Lewis acid catalyst asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| SN1 and SN2 mechanisms, structure of halides asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| storage of chloroform, phosgene formation asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Fittig-type coupling and reaction of iodoform asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| optical isomerism and asymmetric carbon asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| nucleophilic substitution of haloalkanes and haloarenes asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| name reactions of haloalkanes/haloarenes asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers · Organic Chemistry
| Kolbe's reaction, salicylic acid asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| cleavage of unsymmetrical ethers by HI, SN1 mechanism asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| effect of branching on boiling point asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| acidity of phenol vs alcohols, resonance asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| phenol as disinfectant/antiseptic asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| functional isomerism (alcohol/ether), iodoform test asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Williamson synthesis, Grignard alcohol synthesis, cumene process asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| dehydration of alcohols at different temperatures asked 2× | Board 2024Sample 2023 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| bromination of phenol, electrophilic substitution asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| cleavage of ethers by HI, SN2 mechanism asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Grignard synthesis of alcohol asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| phenol from benzene sulphonic acid, amine to alcohol, Williamson synthesis asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| identification of symmetrical ether, cleavage by HI asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| distinguishing tests (iodoform, FeCl3) asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| preparation and reactions of phenol (bromination, FeCl3 test, nitration, Reimer-Tiemann) asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| boiling point and solubility trends of alcohols asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Lucas test reactivity, hydrogen bonding in alcohols vs ethers asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Fittig coupling, hydroboration-oxidation of alkene asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| reaction of ethers with PCl5, alcohol with Grignard reagent asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Kolbe reaction, salicylic acid, aspirin asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| picric acid, esterification, Williamson synthesis asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| mechanism of dehydration of alcohol asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Lucas reagent and reactivity of alcohols asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| acidity of phenol, resonance stabilisation of phenoxide asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Grignard synthesis of alcohol, reduction of phenol asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ascent of series, diazonium hydrolysis, Williamson synthesis asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Williamson synthesis of anisole asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| FeCl3 test for phenol asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| picric acid preparation, ethanol from formaldehyde via Grignard asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| haloform, Reimer-Tiemann and Kolbe reactions asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| acidic strength of alcohols and phenol asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| acidic strength and boiling point trends of alcohols asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| distinguishing chemical tests asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| name reactions (Finkelstein, Williamson, Reimer-Tiemann) asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| picric acid, phenol solubility, phenol from chlorobenzene, Lucas test, Clemmensen asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| distinguishing test and preparation of secondary alcohol asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Williamson synthesis and Reimer-Tiemann reaction asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| reactivity of ethers, cleavage of ethers by HI asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| identify alcohols/ketone in a reaction sequence asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| reaction sequences from alcohols/phenol asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| distinguishing chemical tests (iodoform, Lucas) asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| oxidation of primary alcohols asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| phenol azo dye test asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| preparation of alcohols and ethers asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| identify compounds in a reaction sequence (ether/nitrile/acid) asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| acidity of phenol, iodoform test, peroxide in ethers asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids · Organic Chemistry
| Clemmensen reduction asked 3× | Board 2023Sample 2025Sample 2026 | ★★★★☆ |
| distinguishing tests for carbonyl compounds and acids asked 2× | Board 2026Sample 2023 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Cannizzaro reaction asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| ozonolysis, Fehling and iodoform tests asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| HVZ reaction, Grignard synthesis of acid, iodoform, aldol, acidity asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Stephen reduction, hydration of alkyne, Perkin reaction, conversions asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| distinguishing aldehyde and ketone, oxime formation asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| reduction of acid to aldehyde, urotropine formation asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Grignard addition, Cannizzaro, Rosenmund, carboxylic acid derivatives and Hofmann asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Cannizzaro reaction, decarboxylation asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| oxidation, acid chloride, Friedel-Crafts acylation, esterification asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| functional isomers of carbonyl compounds, reactivity towards HCN asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Rosenmund, benzoin condensation, Perkin reactions asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Fehling test, reactivity of benzaldehyde asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Rosenmund reduction, hydration of alkyne, ketone from calcium salt asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| aldol condition, acidity of substituted acids, nucleophilic addition, benzaldehyde identification asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| hydration of alkyne, oxidation, acid chloride formation asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| iodoform test asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Lucas test, dehydrogenation of alcohol, iodoform reaction asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ketone from calcium salt, Clemmensen, esterification, cyanohydrin, aldol asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ketone from calcium salt, iodoform reaction asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Grignard syntheses, acidity of substituted acids, reducing nature of formic acid asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Wolff-Kishner reduction asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| carboxylic acid derivatives, Hofmann bromamide asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Rosenmund reduction, oxidation, ketone from calcium salt asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| conversions of aromatic aldehyde and acid asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| reactivity of aldehydes, over-oxidation asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| identification of aldehyde, oxime formation, Tollens test asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cannizzaro reaction, oxidation, oxime formation asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Rosenmund reduction and benzoin condensation asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| name reactions and conversions of carbonyl compounds asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen · Organic Chemistry
| reduction of nitriles/isocyanides, Hofmann degradation asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| coupling reaction, Balz-Schiemann reaction asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Hofmann degradation, carbylamine, Hinsberg test asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| reduction of nitrobenzene, diazotisation, nitrile reduction asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| diazotisation and Sandmeyer, nitrile hydrolysis asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Hofmann degradation, Balz-Schiemann reaction asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Hofmann degradation, diazotisation, Sandmeyer, nitrile reduction asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| basic strength of amines asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| reduction of nitriles and isocyanides asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| reduction of nitrobenzene, diazotisation, coupling, Hofmann degradation asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| replacement of diazonium group by hydrogen asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| solubility and basicity of aniline asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| basic strength of amines in water and gas phase asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| diazotisation and Sandmeyer reaction asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| nitrile reduction, reaction with nitrous acid, Hofmann degradation asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| reduction of isocyanides asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| nitrile hydrolysis, diazotisation, Sandmeyer reaction asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| solubility and basicity of amines asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| nitrile to amine, reaction with nitrous acid, esterification asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| reduction of nitrobenzene, diazotisation, nitrile hydrolysis, Hofmann degradation asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| diazonium replacement, amine to alcohol, carbylamine reaction asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| carbylamine (isocyanide) reaction asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| reduction of nitriles, bromination of aniline asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| nitrile reduction, Hofmann degradation, carbylamine, reduction of isocyanide asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Hofmann bromamide degradation asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ammonolysis of alkyl halides, amine mixtures asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| coupling, acylation of amines, Friedel-Crafts limitation asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| carbylamine reaction of amines asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| solubility and basic character of amines asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| amide/amine reaction sequences, Hofmann bromamide, carbylamine asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| isocyanide formation, diazotisation, diazonium replacement asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Biomolecules · Organic Chemistry
| osazone formation of glucose asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| non-reducing sugar, protein structure, vitamin deficiency asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| inversion of sucrose asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| vitamin deficiency, disaccharide hydrolysis, osmosis asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| optical activity of amino acids asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| peptide bond, nucleotide hydrolysis, reducing sugars asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| sucrose hydrolysis, vitamins, protein denaturation asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| nitrogen bases in DNA and RNA asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| proteins, peptide bond, structure and reactions of glucose asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| amino acid exists as zwitter ion asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| nucleic acid bases, vitamin deficiency diseases asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| reducing and non-reducing sugars asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| zwitter ion, glycine, vitamins, glycosidic linkage asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| vitamins, protein denaturation, sugar hydrolysis asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| insulin is a globular protein asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| sugars, protein denaturation, vitamins asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Importance = how often a topic was asked × how recent, with extra weight for the latest official sample paper.