ISC Class 12 Chemistry Important Questions 2027 (Repeated in Board Exams)

The correct order of freezing point of 0.5 M solution of urea, AlCl₃, KCl and MgCl₂ is: (a) AlCl₃ > MgCl₂ > KCl > urea (b) Urea > KCl > MgCl₂ > AlCl₃ (c) MgCl₂ > KCl > AlCl₃ > urea (d) KCl > MgCl₂ > AlCl₃ > urea

(i) Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid (molecular mass = 176 g mol^-1) to be dissolved in 75 g of acetic acid to lower its freezing point by 1.5 degC. Assume the solute neither associates nor dissociates. (K_f for acetic acid = 3.9 K kg mol^-1) (ii) A solution of an organic compound was prepared by dissolving 6.8 g in 0.1 litre of water. Calculate the osmotic pressure of this solution at 25 degC. (Molecular mass = 321.45 g mol^-1) (iii) Why are aquatic species more comfortable in cold water than warm water?

(a) 300 ml of aqueous solution of protein contains 1.85 g of protein, the osmotic pressure at 25 degC is 3.05 x 10^-3 atm. Calculate the molar mass of the protein. (b) Phenol (C₆H₅OH) associates in benzene to form a dimer. A solution of 2.5 g of phenol in 120 g of benzene lowers its freezing point by 0.85 K. Calculate the degree of association of phenol. (k_f benzene=5.12 K kg mol^-1, molecular mass of phenol=94) (c) The molecular weight of potassium chloride and sucrose is determined by the depression of freezing point method. Compared to their theoretical molecular weight, what will be their observed molecular weights? Justify.

Assertion: The depression of freezing point of 0.1 molal aqueous solution of MgCl₂ is less than that of 0.1 molal aqueous solution of NaCl. Reason: The number of particles furnished by 0.1 molal MgCl₂ is less than that of 0.1 molal NaCl. (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion. (c) Assertion is true and Reason is false. (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

(a) Calculate the boiling point of urea solution when 8.0 g of urea is dissolved in 250 g of water. Boiling point of pure water is 373 K. (k_b of water = 0.52 K kg mol^-1, molecular mass of urea = 60 g mol^-1) (b) Ethylene glycol is used as an antifreeze agent. Calculate the amount of ethylene glycol to be added to four kilogram of water to prevent it from freezing at -6 degC. (K_f of water = 1.86 K kg mol^-1) Assume that ethylene glycol (CH₂OH.CH₂OH) does not dissociate or associate in aqueous solution. (c) What will be the effect on the value of molality and molarity of a solution with change in temperature?

(i) 0.680 g of a compound is dissolved in 15 g of benzene and the freezing point of solution is lowered by 1.44 degC. Calculate the experimental molecular mass of the compound. (K_f for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol^-1) (ii) If the theoretical molecular mass of the compound is 80.5 g mol^-1, suggest whether it is undergoing association or dissociation.

[context: Osmosis and osmotic pressure play a very significant role in biological processes. The osmotic pressure of human blood is 8.21 atm at 27 degC. A 0.91% (mass/volume) solution of NaCl, known as saline water, is isotonic with fluids inside the human red blood cells, so the blood corpuscles neither swell nor shrink; medicines are mixed with saline water before being injected into the veins.] (a) What is an isotonic solution? (b) How much glucose should be used per 100 ml (aqueous solution) for intravenous injection isotonic with blood at 27 degC? (c) What would be the osmotic pressure of blood if the temperature is 37 degC? (d) A pure NaCl solution with salt concentration less than 0.91% (mass/volume) is hypertonic to human blood. Is this statement true or false? Give a reason. (e) Name the disease caused by taking a lot of salt or salty food, which results in water retention in tissue cells causing puffiness or swelling.

If 200 cm³ of an aqueous solution of a protein contains 1.26 g of protein, the osmotic pressure of the solution at 300 K is found to be 2.57 x 10^-3 atm. Calculate the molar mass of protein. (R = 0.0821 L atm K^-1 mol^-1)

An aqueous solution containing 12.50 g of barium chloride in 1000 g of water boils at 373.0834 K. Calculate the degree of dissociation of barium chloride. Given K_b for H₂O = 0.52 K kg mol^-1; molecular mass of BaCl₂ = 208.34 g mol^-1.

[context: Vishal measured the resistance of aqueous KCl solutions at 298 K using a conductivity cell connected to a Wheatstone bridge and recorded: 1.00 M: kappa = 111.3 x 10^-3 S cm^-1, Lambda_m = 111.3 S cm² mol^-1; 0.10 M: kappa = 12.9 x 10^-3, Lambda_m = 129.0; 0.01 M: kappa = 1.41 x 10^-3, Lambda_m = 141.0] Why did the molar conductivity increase though the conductivity decreased with dilution?

(a) Study the diagram given below that represents a Cu-Ag electrochemical cell (copper electrode in Cu(NO₃)₂, silver electrode in AgNO₃) and answer the questions that follow. Given E⁰_(Cu²⁺/Cu) = 0.337 V; E⁰_(Ag^+/Ag) = 0.799 V. (1) Write the cell reaction. (2) Calculate the standard emf of the cell. (3) If [Cu²⁺] is 0.1 M and E_cell is 0.422 V at 25 degC, calculate [Ag^+]. (4) Calculate DeltaG for the cell. (b) Calculate molar conductivity (Lambda⁰_m) for BaCl₂ and Al₂(SO₄)₃ from the data: Lambda⁰_m Ba²⁺=127.2, Lambda⁰_m Cl^-=76.3, Lambda⁰_m Al³⁺=189, Lambda⁰_m SO₄^2-=160 S cm² mol^-1.

The molar conductivities at infinite dilution for NaI, CH₃COONa and (CH₃COO)₂Mg are 126.9, 91.0 and 187.8 ohm^-1 cm² mol^-1 respectively at 25 degC. Find out the molar conductivity of MgI₂ at infinite dilution by using Kohlrausch's law of independent migration of ions.

Write the Nernst equation and calculate the emf of the following cell at 298 K: Mg(s) / Mg²⁺(1x10^-3M) // Cu²⁺(1x10^-4M) / Cu(s). Given E^o_Mg²⁺/Mg = -2.373 V, E^o_Cu²⁺/Cu = +0.337 V.

Calculate the value of DeltaG⁰ for the following cell at 25 degC. Zn(s) / Zn²⁺(1M) || Sn²⁺(1M) / Sn(s). Given E⁰_Zn²⁺/Zn = -0.76 V, E⁰_Sn²⁺/Sn = -0.14 V, 1 Faraday = 96500 coulombs.

(a) The molar conductivity vs sqrt(C) curves for Na₂SO₄, H₂SO₄ and NH₄OH are shown in random order (curves 1, 2, 3). Identify the curve corresponding to each and justify. (b) The molar conductivity (Lambda_m) of a dilute solution of methanoic acid is 34.1 S cm²/mol. Calculate its degree of dissociation. (Given lambda⁰(H^+)=349.6 S cm²/mol and lambda⁰(HCOO^-)=54.6 S cm²/mol)

(a) When a current of 0.75 ampere is passed through a CuSO₄ solution for 25 minutes, 0.370 g of copper is deposited. Calculate the atomic weight of copper. (b) Two metals A and B have standard reduction potential values -0.76 V and +0.34 V respectively. Which of these metals will liberate H₂ gas from dil. H₂SO₄? Why? (c) Why does the specific conductivity (kappa) of a solution decrease on dilution?

(a) A 0.05 M NH₄OH solution offers a resistance of 30.8 ohms to a conductivity cell at 298 K. If the cell constant is 0.343 cm^-1 and molar conductance of NH₄OH at infinite dilution is 471.4 S cm² mol^-1, calculate (1) Specific conductance (2) Molar conductance (3) Degree of dissociation. (b) In the diagram of the electrolytic cell given below, A, B and C are connected in series, having electrolytes ZnSO₄, AgNO₃ and CuSO₄ respectively. A steady current of 1.5 A was passed until 1.45 g of Ag was deposited at cathode of cell B. (Atomic mass Ag=108, Cu=63.5, Zn=65.3) (1) How long did the current flow? (2) What weight of Cu and Zn was deposited at cathode?

The solutions of two electrolytes A and B are diluted. Lambda_m of B increases 1.5 times while that of A increases 25 times. Which of the two is a strong electrolyte? Give a reason.

Answer the following: (a) By referring to electrochemical series, how can anode and cathode half cells be identified in a galvanic cell? (b) What is the role of salt bridge in a galvanic cell? (c) Write an advantage and a disadvantage of a fuel cell.

(i) Dry cells are commonly used in clocks, torches, calculators etc. (a) What acts as anode and cathode in dry cell? (b) Which chemical compounds are filled between anode and cathode of this cell? (c) Why do dry cells not have a long life?

Calculate the number of coulombs required to electroplate 4.75 g of aluminium when electrode reaction is Al³⁺ + 3e^- -> Al. (Given: Atomic weight of Al = 27 g mol^-1, 1 Faraday = 96500 coulombs)

Data for hypothetical reaction 2A + B -> 2AB: Exp 1: [A]=0.5, [B]=0.5, rate=1.8x10^-4; Exp 2: [A]=1.0, [B]=0.5, rate=3.6x10^-4; Exp 3: [A]=1.0, [B]=1.0, rate=3.6x10^-4 (mol L^-1 sec^-1). The rate law expression is: (a) rate=k[A]¹[B]¹ (b) rate=k[A]¹[B]⁰ (c) rate=k[A]²[B]¹ (d) rate=k[A]⁰[B]¹

In general, the rate of a reaction becomes double with every 10 degC rise in temperature. If this generalisation holds true, calculate the value of activation energy when temperature changes from 295 K to 305 K.

A first order reaction is 40% complete in 20 minutes. Calculate the time required for 90% completion of the same reaction.

A reaction is of first order with respect to reactant [A] and second order with regard to reactant [B]. What is the effect on rate of reaction when: (i) concentration of only [B] is increased three times? (ii) concentration of both [A] and [B] is doubled?

(i) The unit of rate constant of a reaction is same as that of its rate of reaction. Find the order of this reaction. (ii) Give one example of pseudo first order reaction. (iii) How will the rate of reaction be affected when the surface area of the reactant is reduced?

(i) The rate constant of a first order reaction increases five times when the temperature is raised from 350 K to 500 K. Calculate the activation energy of the reaction. (R = 8.314 JK^-1mol^-1) (ii) The unit of rate constant of a reaction is same as that of its rate of reaction. What is the order of this reaction?

Rohan, a patient of thyroid disorder, was given radioactive Iodine-131 as part of his treatment. What amount of Iodine-131 will be left in Rohan's body after 48 days, if the half-life period of radioactive iodine-131 is 12 days? Assume no amount of the isotope was eliminated through biological processes.

[context: Living beings maintain a balance of radioactive C-14 in their tissues (formed in the upper atmosphere: ₇N¹⁴ + ₀n¹ -> ₆C¹⁴ + ₁H¹; ratio C-14 : C-12 = 1 : 10¹²). After death C-14 decays (₆C¹⁴ -> ₇N¹⁴ + _-1e⁰ + gamma rays) and is not replaced. The half-life of C-14 is 5770 years, so the age of a fossil can be determined.] In a piece of dead wood, the activity or concentration of C-14 is found to be one third of its initial activity. Calculate the age of the old wood.

Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word(s) from those given in the brackets: [first, alc. AgCN, primary, decrease, third, increase, zero, Lucas, alc. KCN, KOH, no change, two, Tollen's, AgOH, tertiary] The hydrolysis of ethyl acetate in acidic medium is a pseudo ______ order reaction. However, the molecularity of the reaction is ______.

For a first order reaction, the half-life period (t_1/2) is: (a) proportional to the initial concentration. (b) inversely proportional to the initial concentration. (c) proportional to the square root of the initial concentration. (d) independent of the initial concentration.

(i) Complete and balance the following chemical equation: KMnO₄ + H₂SO₄ + H₂S -> (ii) Why do transition metals form alloys? (iii) Potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) acts as a powerful oxidising agent in acidic medium. Explain.

Assertion: The Zr-Hf pair of elements has the same value of atomic radii though Zr and Hf are placed in different periods in the periodic table. Reason: The lanthanoid contraction prevents the expected increase in atomic radii of Hf. (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion. (c) Assertion is true and Reason is false. (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word(s) from those given in the brackets: [methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, paired, one, Cannizzaro, d-d, salicylaldehyde, Perkin's, unpaired, f-f, salicylic acid, Kolbe's, two, 193000, 96500, Reimer-Tiemann] The colour of transition metal ions is due to ______ electron(s) in d-subshell and ______ transition.

Substantiate the following statements with reasons: (i) Cobalt is attracted in a magnetic field whereas Zinc is not. (Co=27, Zn=30) (ii) The melting points and boiling points of Zn, Cd and Hg are low. (Zn=30, Cd=48, Hg=80)

When H₂S gas is passed through acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ solution, the colour of the solution changes to: (a) green (b) orange (c) black (d) red

Give a reason for each of the following: (i) Zinc, cadmium and mercury are considered as d-block elements but not regarded as transition elements. (ii) Transition metals possess a great tendency to form complex compounds.

Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word(s) from those given in the brackets: [four, three, remains same, propane, ns^1-2, increases, six, propan-2-ol, (n-1)d^1-10, two, decreases, Clemmensen's, Wolff-Kishner] The variation and magnitude of oxidation state in coordination complexes is due to the participation of inner ______ electrons in addition to outer ______ electrons.

Answer the following with respect to the coordination complex ion [Cr(NH₃)₆]³⁺: (a) What is the hybridisation state of the central metal atom? (b) Comment on the magnetic nature of the complex ion.

Observe the diagram below of splitting of d-orbitals in an octahedral field and answer the following questions. (a) Identify the electronic configuration of d⁵ ion, if Delta_o < P. (b) Comment on the relationship between crystal field stabilisation energy (Delta_o) and the strength of the ligand.

The sum of coordination number and oxidation number of metal 'M' in the complex [M(en)₂Cl₂] is: (a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10

Cobalt (III) chloride forms several octahedral complexes with ammonia. Which will NOT give a test for chloride ions with silver nitrate solution at 25 degC? (a) CoCl₃.6NH₃ (b) CoCl₃.5NH₃ (c) CoCl₃.4NH₃ (d) CoCl₃.3NH₃

(i) The compound [PtCl₂(NH₃)₂] known as cis-platin is used in chemotherapy. (a) Write its IUPAC name and the type of isomerism it exhibits. (b) What is the geometry of the compound? (ii) What type of structural isomers are [Pt(NH₃)₃Br]NO₃ and [Pt(NH₃)₃(NO₃)]Br? How can they be distinguished by a chemical test? (iii) A coordination compound CoCl₃.4H₂O precipitates silver chloride when treated with silver nitrate. The molar conductance of its solution corresponds to a total of two ions. Write the structural formula of the compound and name it.

Write the IUPAC names of the following complex compounds: (i) [Pt(NH₃)₄Cl₂]SO₄ (ii) K₂[Ni(CN)₄]

Which one of the following is a tetrahedral complex as well as diamagnetic in nature? (a) [Ni(CN)₄]^2- (b) [NiCl₄]^2- (c) [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺ (d) [Ni(CO)₄]

Rehan and Ananya were given the same alkyl halide (C₂H₅Cl). Rehan used alcoholic KCN and Ananya used alcoholic AgCN. Rehan's compound could be converted to a carboxylic acid on hydrolysis but Ananya could not obtain the same acid, due to the bonding behaviour of cyanide ions. Write the chemical equations of the reactions and the IUPAC names of the compounds formed by Rehan and Ananya.

When Chlorobenzene is heated with aq. ammonia in the presence of Cu₂O at high pressure, it gives: (a) aniline (b) phenyl isocyanide (c) diphenyl (d) diphenylamine

Assertion: The process of halogenation of benzene takes place in the presence of anhydrous FeCl₃. Reason: Anhydrous FeCl₃ prepares nucleophile to attack the benzene ring. (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion. (c) Assertion is true and Reason is false. (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

Write chemical equations to convert each of the following: (i) Chlorobenzene to aniline (ii) Iodoform to acetylene

Two compounds, D-2-chlorobutane and L-2-chlorobutane, are enantiomers of each other. Name one physical property that is: (i) same for D-2-chlorobutane and L-2-chlorobutane. (ii) different for D-2-chlorobutane and L-2-chlorobutane.

Assertion: When an ether containing a primary alkyl group and tertiary alkyl group is treated with hydrogen iodide, tertiary alkyl iodide is formed. Reason: The reaction takes place via SN1 mechanism, and the more stable tertiary carbocation is formed easily which combines with iodide ion to form tertiary alkyl iodide. (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion. (c) Assertion is true and Reason is false. (d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

How will the following be converted? (Give chemical equations) (a) Diethyl ether from sodium ethoxide (b) Propan-2-ol from Grignard's reagent (c) Phenol from Cumene

[context: The boiling points of alcohols are higher than those of corresponding ethers due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding and increase with molecular mass; for isomeric alcohols the order is 1 deg > 2 deg > 3 deg: Propan-1-ol 370 K, Butan-1-ol 391 K, Butan-2-ol 371 K, 2-methyl-propan-2-ol 356 K. Aliphatic alcohols are weak acids, weaker than water and phenol. Phenols are used both as a disinfectant and an antiseptic at different concentrations.] Although alcohols are weaker acids than water, phenol is more acidic than alcohols. Justify.

[context: Phenol is an aromatic alcohol used to prepare many important compounds such as picric acid. It is widely used in household and industrial settings as a cleaner and disinfectant, and as a primary chemical to make plastics. Phenol is less soluble in water as compared to aliphatic alcohol. Some aliphatic alcohols are toxic and can be addictive.] (i) How is the acid (picric acid) prepared from phenol? Write the chemical reaction. (ii) 'Phenol is less soluble in water as compared to aliphatic alcohol.' Explain. (iii) Write the chemical equation for the preparation of phenol from chlorobenzene. (iv) An organic compound [A] C₄H₁₀O gives positive Lucas test within five minutes at room temperature. [A] upon oxidation with K₂Cr₂O₇/H₂SO₄ forms [B] which does not respond to Tollen's test. Identify compounds [A] and [B]. (v) In the above reaction, [B] gets reduced with Zn/Hg and HCl and forms [C]. Identify [C] and write the balanced reaction for the conversion of [B] to [C].

Write the chemical test to distinguish between each of the following pairs of compounds: (i) Ethanol and propan-1-al (ii) Phenol and benzoic acid

[context: The boiling points of alcohols are higher than those of corresponding ethers due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding and increase with molecular mass; for isomeric alcohols the order is 1 deg > 2 deg > 3 deg: Propan-1-ol 370 K, Butan-1-ol 391 K, Butan-2-ol 371 K, 2-methyl-propan-2-ol 356 K. Aliphatic alcohols are weak acids, weaker than water and phenol. Phenols are used both as a disinfectant and an antiseptic at different concentrations.] The boiling point of 2-methyl-propan-2-ol is much lower than that of butan-1-ol, although both have the same molecular formula. Give a reason.

Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word(s) from those given in the brackets: [methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, paired, one, Cannizzaro, d-d, salicylaldehyde, Perkin's, unpaired, f-f, salicylic acid, Kolbe's, two, 193000, 96500, Reimer-Tiemann] The product formed when sodium phenoxide is treated with CO₂ at 400 K, under 4-7 atm pressure and then acidified with dilute HCl is ______. The reaction is known as ______ reaction.

Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word(s) from those given in the brackets: [first, alc. AgCN, primary, decrease, third, increase, zero, Lucas, alc. KCN, KOH, no change, two, Tollen's, AgOH, tertiary] A mixture of anhydrous ZnCl₂ and conc. HCl is called ______ reagent which shows maximum reactivity with ______ alcohol.

An organic compound [A] having molecular formula C₄H₁₀O forms a compound [B] with molecular formula C₄H₈O on oxidation. Compound [B] gives a positive iodoform test. The reaction of compound [B] with CH₃MgBr followed by hydrolysis gives compound [C] with molecular formula C₅H₁₂O. Identify the compounds [A], [B] and [C]. Write the reaction for the conversion of compound [A] to compound [B].

Write chemical equations to illustrate the following name reactions: (i) Finkelstein reaction (ii) Williamson's synthesis (iii) Reimer-Tiemann reaction

Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word(s) from those given in the brackets: [lead poisoning, zero, phosgene, dependent, cancer, independent, diethyl ether, first, ethyl carbonate, ethene] The dehydration of ethyl alcohol with conc. H₂SO₄ at 140 degC mainly yields ______ while at 170 degC the main product formed is ______.

Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word(s) from those given in the brackets: [methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, paired, one, Cannizzaro, d-d, salicylaldehyde, Perkin's, unpaired, f-f, salicylic acid, Kolbe's, two, 193000, 96500, Reimer-Tiemann] Formaldehyde reacts with conc. alkali to give sodium formate and ______ due to the absence of alpha-hydrogen atom. The reaction is known as ______ reaction.

Identify the compounds [A], [B], [C] and [D] in the following reaction: CH₃COOH + PCl₅ -> [A] --H₂/Pd-BaSO₄, boiling xylene--> [B] --K₂Cr₂O₇₊H₂SO₄/[O]--> [C] --Ca(OH)₂, heat--> [D]

What happens when carbonyl compound is treated with zinc amalgam and concentrated hydrochloric acid? Give chemical equation and write the name of the reaction.

An organic compound [A] (C₂Cl₃O₂H) is obtained when compound [B] reacts with red phosphorous and Cl₂. [B] can be obtained on reaction of methyl magnesium bromide with carbon dioxide followed by acid hydrolysis. Upon partial reduction, [B] forms [C] (C₂H₄O) which gives yellow precipitate of iodoform on heating with iodine and sodium hydroxide. [C] also reacts with dilute NaOH to form [D]. (a) Identify [A], [B], [C] and [D]. (b) Write the reaction for formation of [A] from [B]. What is the reaction called? (c) Write the chemical test to distinguish between [C] and acetone. (d) Which will be more acidic, [A] or [B]? Why?

An organic compound with molecular formula C₃H₆O does not give silver mirror test with Tollen's reagent but gives an oxime with hydroxylamine. The compound is: (a) CH₃CH₂CHO (b) CH_3-CO-CH₃ (c) CH₂=CH-CH₂OH (d) CH₂=CH-O-CH₃

Write chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds: (a) Acetaldehyde and acetone (b) Acetic acid and benzaldehyde

An organic compound [A] with molecular formula C₃H₇NO forms compound [B] on heating with Br₂ and KOH. Compound [B] on heating with CHCl₃ and alcoholic KOH produces a pungent smelling compound [C]. Compound [B] on reacting with C₆H₅SO₂Cl forms compound [D] which is soluble in alkali. Write the structures of compounds [A], [B], [C] and [D].

Which of the following reactions will NOT give primary amine? (a) C₂H₅NC --LiAlH_4--> (b) C₂H₅CN --LiAlH_4--> (c) C₂H₅CONH₂ --Br₂/KOH--> (d) CH₃CONH₂ --Br₂/KOH-->

Write the chemical equations for the following conversions: (i) Nitrobenzene to benzene (ii) Aniline to bromobenzene (iii) Methyl cyanide to ethylamine

Write chemical reactions for the following named organic reactions: (i) Diazotisation reaction (ii) Sandmeyer's reaction

Illustrate the following reactions with an example in each case: (a) Coupling reaction (b) Balz-Schiemann reaction

Assertion: Aniline is soluble in HCl while it is only slightly soluble in water. Reason: Aniline cannot make hydrogen bonds with water but gets protonated easily by acids. (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion. (c) Assertion is true but Reason is false. (d) Assertion is false but Reason is true.

The correct order of the increasing basic nature of Ammonia, Methylamine and Aniline is: (a) Methylamine < Aniline < Ammonia (b) Aniline < Methylamine < Ammonia (c) Ammonia < Aniline < Methylamine (d) Aniline < Ammonia < Methylamine

How will the following be converted? (Give chemical equation) (a) Ethyl bromide to ethyl isocyanide. (b) Aniline to benzene diazonium chloride. (c) Benzene diazonium chloride to phenol.

Which one of the following can produce the foul smelling compound methyl isocyanide in presence of alcoholic KOH? (a) Chloroform and aniline (b) Chloroform and methanol (c) Chloroform and dimethyl amine (d) Chloroform and methyl amine

(i) Identify the non-reducing sugar which on hydrolysis gives two reducing monosaccharides. (ii) Which structure of protein is normally unaffected during denaturation of protein? (iii) Name the vitamins whose deficiency cause the following diseases: (a) Rickets (b) Night blindness

(i) Give one example each of fibrous protein and globular protein. (ii) The structures of two amino acids, glycine and alanine, are given below. Draw the peptide linkage between these two amino acids. Glycine: H₂N-CH_2-COOH Alanine: H₂N-CH(CH₃)-COOH (iii) Justify that glucose is an aldose form of sugar, with the help of a chemical reaction.