ICSE Class 10 Biology Important Topics 2027
Last updated:
Every topic ranked by how often and how recently it was asked in 4 board + 5 official sample papers (2023–2027). Teal tags = board papers, orange tags = official sample papers.
Top 10 most important topics
| # | Topic | Chapter | Asked in | Importance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Swachh Bharat Abhiyan objectives | Pollution | Board 2026Sample 2024Sample 2025Sample 2026 | ★★★★★ |
| 2 | Balanced equation of photosynthesis | Photosynthesis | Board 2023Board 2025Board 2026Sample 2024Sample 2025 | ★★★★★ |
| 3 | Mendel's Law of Segregation | Genetics | Board 2023Sample 2023Sample 2025Sample 2027 | ★★★★★ |
| 4 | Menarche | The Reproductive System | Sample 2025Sample 2026 | ★★★★☆ |
| 5 | Structure of the sperm | The Reproductive System | Board 2023Board 2026Sample 2024Sample 2025 | ★★★★☆ |
| 6 | Adaptations to reduce transpiration | Transpiration | Board 2023Board 2026Sample 2027 | ★★★☆☆ |
| 7 | Causes of population explosion | Population | Board 2023Sample 2023Sample 2027 | ★★★☆☆ |
| 8 | Phenotype vs genotype | Genetics | Sample 2023Sample 2024Sample 2025 | ★★★☆☆ |
| 9 | Excretion | Excretory System | Board 2025Sample 2023Sample 2026 | ★★★☆☆ |
| 10 | Australopithecus characteristics | Human Evolution | Sample 2026Sample 2027 | ★★★☆☆ |
Chapter-wise important topics
Cell Cycle and Cell Division · Basic Biology
| Metaphase of mitosis asked 2× | Board 2025Sample 2027 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Homologous chromosomes asked 2× | Sample 2024Sample 2025 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Meiosis asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Mitosis (wound healing) asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Chromosome number in mitosis asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Karyokinesis vs cytokinesis asked 2× | Board 2023Sample 2024 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Chromatid position in metaphase and anaphase asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| S phase (DNA synthesis) asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Anaphase features asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Daughter cells in mitosis vs meiosis asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Interphase asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Prophase of mitosis asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cytokinesis in plant vs animal cells asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Diploid chromosome number asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Plant cell features (centrosome is animal) asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Identifying stages of mitosis asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Telophase of mitosis asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Haploid gametes via meiosis asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Identifying stages of mitosis (metaphase) asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Haploid cells (gametes) via meiosis asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| S phase of cell cycle (DNA synthesis) asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Centriole and aster formation asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Structure of Chromosome · Basic Biology
| Centromere asked 2× | Board 2024Board 2025 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Complementary base pairing in DNA asked 2× | Board 2023Board 2025 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Thymine (complementary base pairing) asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cell layers from chromatin outward asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Base pairing calculation asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Structure of a chromosome asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Location of genes (on chromosomes/DNA) asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Chargaff base pairing calculation asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Nitrogenous bases of DNA asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Double helix model of DNA asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| DNA full form asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Genetics · Basic Biology
| Mendel's Law of Segregation asked 4× | Board 2023Sample 2023Sample 2025Sample 2027 | ★★★★★ |
| Phenotype vs genotype asked 3× | Sample 2023Sample 2024Sample 2025 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Mendel's Law of Dominance asked 2× | Sample 2024Sample 2026 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Autosomes and sex chromosomes asked 2× | Board 2026Sample 2026 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Sex-linked inheritance (colour blindness) asked 2× | Board 2026Sample 2023 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Monohybrid cross probability asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Sex-linked inheritance (haemophilia) asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Examples of genetic disorders asked 2× | Board 2024Board 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Pea plant (Pisum sativum) asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Monohybrid cross (genotypic ratio) asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Genes asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Pisum sativum asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Recessive gene asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Dominance in monohybrid inheritance asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Recessive allele asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Gene asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Inferring parental genotypes asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Allele asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Dihybrid cross and Law of Independent Assortment asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Sex determination asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Monohybrid inheritance and Law of Dominance asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Sex determination in humans asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Haemophilia asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Mutation asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Monohybrid cross (Punnett square) asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Absorption by Roots and Ascent of Sap · Plant Physiology
| Exosmosis in hypertonic solution asked 2× | Sample 2025Sample 2027 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Structure of a root hair asked 2× | Sample 2025Sample 2026 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Permeability of cell wall vs cell membrane asked 2× | Sample 2023Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Active transport asked 2× | Board 2023Sample 2025 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Diffusion asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Characteristics of absorbing root hairs asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Turgid root hair cell asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Path of water absorption asked 2× | Board 2023Sample 2023 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Root pressure asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Plant tissues (odd = Pons) asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Hypotonic and hypertonic solutions asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Tonicity and osmosis (plasmolysis) asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Characteristics of absorbing roots asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Endosmosis in hypotonic medium asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Path of water across the root asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Osmosis asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Osmosis / hypertonic solution as preservative asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Plasmolysis vs deplasmolysis asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Turgor pressure asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Turgid plant cell structure asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Endosmosis in hypotonic solution asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Osmosis / exosmosis (hypertonic preservation) asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Turgor pressure and wall pressure asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Absorption, ascent of sap and transpiration asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Plasmolysis in a cell asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Osmosis and selectively permeable membrane asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Root hairs asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Ascent of sap pathway asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Adaptations of absorbing roots asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Plasmolysis and deplasmolysis asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Semipermeable membrane asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Transpiration · Plant Physiology
| Adaptations to reduce transpiration asked 3× | Board 2023Board 2026Sample 2027 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Lenticels asked 2× | Sample 2025Sample 2027 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Factors affecting transpiration asked 2× | Sample 2025Sample 2026 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Guttation asked 3× | Board 2024Sample 2023Sample 2024 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Definition of transpiration asked 2× | Board 2023Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Transpiration causing wilting asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Effect of humidity on transpiration asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Stomata and their location asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Stomatal apparatus asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Structures related to transpiration (odd = Root hair) asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Water vapour vs water droplets asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Transpiration (demonstration) asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Stomata and hydathodes asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Stomata, guard cells and potassium ion theory asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Transpirational pull asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Factors affecting transpiration (temperature) asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Ganong's potometer asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Lenticels vs stomata asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Transpiration experiment and adaptations asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Excess transpiration causing wilting asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cuticle asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Guard cells asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Location of hydathodes (guttation) asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Potassium ion exchange theory (stomata) asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Significance of transpiration asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Limitations of Ganong's potometer asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cobalt chloride paper experiment asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Lenticels (lenticular transpiration) asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Reducing transpiration by leaf rolling asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Photosynthesis · Plant Physiology
| Balanced equation of photosynthesis asked 5× | Board 2023Board 2025Board 2026Sample 2024Sample 2025 | ★★★★★ |
| Guttation and photophosphorylation asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| CO2 necessity for photosynthesis asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Photosynthesis equation and magnesium asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Conclusion of CO2 experiment asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Site of light reaction (grana) asked 2× | Board 2023Sample 2023 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Photolysis of water (light reaction) asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Stroma asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Starch test and role of chlorophyll asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Starch test (decolourising with alcohol) asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Stroma of chloroplast asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Definition of photosynthesis asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Starch test on variegated leaf asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Glucose and starch asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Oxygen release experiment (Hydrilla) asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Destarching and starch test asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| NADP and ADP full forms asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Location of thylakoids asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ATP full form asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Leaf adaptations for photosynthesis asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Factors affecting photosynthesis (temperature) asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Photosynthesis as base of food chains asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Internal structure of the leaf asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Experiment to show oxygen release (Hydrilla) asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Photophosphorylation asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| CO2 necessity experiment / starch test asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| NADP full form asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Structure of chloroplast asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Starch test / chlorophyll necessity asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemical Coordination in Plants · Plant Physiology
| Parthenocarpy asked 2× | Sample 2023Sample 2025 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Plant hormones asked 2× | Board 2026Sample 2023 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Plant responses via hormones asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Auxin and phototropism asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Ethylene (fruit ripening) asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Abscisic acid/ethylene, auxin and thigmotropism asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Geotropism and auxins asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Auxins and phototropism asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Geotropism and hydrotropism asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Abscisic acid (stress hormone) asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Phototropism, auxins and geotropism asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Abscisic acid and stomatal closure asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Thigmotropism asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cytokinins location asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Chemotropism (pollen tube growth) asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Tropic movements and stimuli asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Gibberellins and parthenocarpy asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Chemotropism asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Thigmotropism and tendrils asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Ethylene asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Phototropism and auxins asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Circulatory System · Human Anatomy and Physiology
| Blood cells (RBC, WBC, platelets) asked 2× | Sample 2024Sample 2027 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Cross section of artery and vein asked 2× | Sample 2023Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Valve action during ventricular systole asked 2× | Board 2026Sample 2025 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Artery vs vein structure asked 2× | Board 2024Sample 2024 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Pulmonary circulation pathway asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Pericardium and pericardial fluid asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Granulocytes (odd = Monocyte) asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Blood clotting factors (odd = Haemoglobin) asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| RBC structure-function adaptation asked 2× | Board 2024Board 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Erythropenia (low RBC) asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Neutrophil (phagocytosis) asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Structure of the heart asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Deoxygenated blood flow (pulmonary circulation) asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Capillaries asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Functions of lymph asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Coronary circulation asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Haemoglobin asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Blood clotting cascade asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Leukaemia (blood cancer) asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Double circulation pathway asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Parts of the heart asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Structure of capillaries asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Oxygenated blood flow through heart asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Location of chordae tendineae asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Hepatic portal system asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Structure of the heart (pericardium, great vessels, chordae tendineae, coronary arteries) asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Hepatic portal system pathway asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| WBC functions (phagocytes and lymphocytes) asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| First aid for heart attack asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Blood clotting factors asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Lymphatic organs asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Granulocytes (WBC types) asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Arteries carrying oxygenated blood asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Location of pericardium asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Location of bicuspid valve asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Diapedesis asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Calcium in blood clotting asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Heart sounds and valves asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| RBC life span asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Hepatic blood supply asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Location of papillary muscles asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Functions of blood asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cardiac cycle (systole and diastole) asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Excretory System · Human Anatomy and Physiology
| Excretion asked 3× | Board 2025Sample 2023Sample 2026 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Urine volume and water balance asked 2× | Sample 2024Sample 2025 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Water and salt loss (perspiration) asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Urea removal by the kidney asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Urine volume and dehydration asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Nephron distribution in cortex and medulla asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Parts of the urinary system (odd = Uterus) asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Cortex and medulla (nephron regions) asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Loop of Henle location asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Path of urine asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Micturition vs parturition asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Urethra asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Parts of the kidney asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Urine constituents / nitrogenous wastes asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Albuminuria asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Nitrogenous wastes / urine constituents asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Structure and function of the kidney asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Ureter asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Glomerulus asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Internal structure of kidney asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ADH and water reabsorption asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Micturition asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Nephron vs neuron asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ADH/vasopressin and urine volume asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Urea asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Path of filtrate through the nephron asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Afferent vs efferent arteriole asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Ultrafiltration asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Urine composition (urochrome) asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Parts of the urinary system asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Structure of Malpighian capsule asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Nephron arrangement in cortex and medulla asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Nervous System and Sense Organs · Human Anatomy and Physiology
| Eustachian tube asked 2× | Sample 2025Sample 2026 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Structure and function of the eye asked 2× | Sample 2025Sample 2026 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Cerebrospinal fluid asked 2× | Board 2026Sample 2026 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Tympanic membrane (ear drum) asked 2× | Sample 2024Sample 2025 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Path of sound through the ear asked 2× | Sample 2024Sample 2025 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Structure of the spinal cord asked 2× | Board 2026Sample 2025 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Path of light through the eye asked 3× | Board 2023Board 2024Sample 2023 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Semicircular canals and dynamic balance asked 2× | Board 2025Sample 2025 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Location of corpus callosum asked 2× | Sample 2023Sample 2024 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Conditioned (acquired) reflex asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Aqueous humour asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Acetylcholine asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Structure and function of the ear asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Hypermetropia and convex lens correction asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Astigmatism asked 2× | Board 2024Board 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Light/dark adaptation of the eye asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Reflex action advantage asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Organs of balance asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| External ear parts (odd = Malleus) asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Cerebrum and cerebellum functions asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Cranial and spinal nerves asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Sympathetic vs parasympathetic (heartbeat) asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Protection of the ear drum asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Reflex arc pathway asked 2× | Board 2023Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Balance organs of the ear asked 2× | Board 2023Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Lysozyme in tears asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Corpus callosum asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Photoreceptors of the retina asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Voluntary action and brain regions asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Meninges asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Myopia and its correction asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Parts of the inner ear asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Rods and cones asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Functions of cerebrum and cerebellum asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Sympathetic nervous system effects asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Brain control of pupillary reflex asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Binocular vision advantage asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Distribution of grey and white matter asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Hypermetropia/presbyopia and convex lens asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Synapse and neurotransmitter asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Membranous labyrinth, organ of Corti and noise pollution asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Retina (photoreceptors) asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Organ of Corti in cochlea asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Meninges (dura mater) asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Path of sound through ear ossicles asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Parts of the brain asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Functions of vitreous humour asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Functions of medulla oblongata asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Internal ear (membranous labyrinth, semicircular canals) asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Accommodation of the eye asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Ciliary body of the eye asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Meninges and synaptic transmission asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Rods and rhodopsin (night vision) asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Stapes asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Path of nerve impulse through a neuron asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Medulla oblongata asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Pinna asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Eustachian tube connection asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cataract of the lens asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Brain, meninges and sympathetic nervous system asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Ear ossicles (stapes) asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Accommodation (ciliary muscles) asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Sympathetic nervous system functions asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Brain regions and sense organs asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Mixed nerve asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Myopia and corrective lens asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Autonomic nervous system (sympathetic) asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Structure of the eye (vitreous humour) asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Ear ossicles asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Location of dura mater (meninges) asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Reflex action asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Functions of cerebellum asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Endocrine System · Human Anatomy and Physiology
| Definition of hormone asked 2× | Board 2024Sample 2027 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Diabetes mellitus vs insipidus asked 2× | Board 2024Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Anterior pituitary hormones (odd = ADH) asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Adrenal virilism asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Adrenal cortical hormones (androgens) asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| TSH and ACTH full forms asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Adrenaline (stress hormone) asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Pituitary as master gland asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| ACTH and ADH full forms asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Hormone functions (glucagon, vasopressin) asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Adrenaline (fight or flight) asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ADH and diuretics asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Iodine (thyroxine) and magnesium (chlorophyll) asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Tropic hormones asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Pituitary hormones asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Match glands, structures and functions asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Anterior pituitary hormones asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Diabetes mellitus, insulin and pancreas asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Adrenal cortical hormones (virilism) asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Thyroxine hyposecretion disorders asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Iodine asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Endocrine glands asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Location of adrenal glands asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Glucagon and blood sugar asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Exophthalmic goitre (thyroxine hypersecretion) asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Insulin action on blood sugar asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Endocrine glands and their functions asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Iodine in thyroxine synthesis asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Pancreatic hormones (glucagon) asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Hormone hypo/hypersecretion disorders asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Location of thyroid gland asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Location of Islets of Langerhans asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
The Reproductive System · Human Anatomy and Physiology
| Menarche asked 3× | Sample 2025Sample 2026 | ★★★★☆ |
| Structure of the sperm asked 4× | Board 2023Board 2026Sample 2024Sample 2025 | ★★★★☆ |
| Inguinal canal asked 2× | Board 2025Sample 2027 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Path of sperm asked 3× | Board 2023Board 2025Sample 2023 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Stages of embryonic development asked 2× | Board 2026Sample 2024 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Menarche vs menopause asked 2× | Sample 2023Sample 2024 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Significance of scrotal position of testes asked 2× | Board 2023Sample 2025 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Functions of amniotic fluid asked 2× | Board 2025Sample 2023 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Ovary functions, ovulation, fertilisation, gestation asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Male reproductive structures (odd = Endometrium) asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Foetal membranes and placenta functions asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Identical vs fraternal twins asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Functions of the placenta asked 2× | Board 2023Sample 2024 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Progesterone in pregnancy asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Sequence of menstrual cycle phases asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Endometrium asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Male reproductive structures and functions asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Identical (monozygotic) twins asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Foetal respiration via placenta asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Umbilical cord asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Zygote asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Leydig cells secrete testosterone asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Epididymis asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Corpus luteum hormones asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Menstrual cycle phases asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Prostate gland and urethral sphincter asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Placenta and umbilical cord asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Secondary sexual characters (male) asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Ovulation timing in menstrual cycle asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Vasectomy (vas deferens) asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Human gestation period asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Location of prostate gland asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Male accessory glands (seminal vesicles) asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Oxytocin and parturition asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Graafian follicle asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Function of urethra vs uterus asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Implantation asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Match mixed biological terms (Leydig cells, stoma, ova, cranial nerve, cretinism) asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Ovulation and corpus luteum asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Menopause asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Phases of the menstrual cycle asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Location of amniotic fluid asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Population · Population
| Causes of population explosion asked 3× | Board 2023Sample 2023Sample 2027 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Demography asked 3× | Board 2023Sample 2023Sample 2025 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Over-exploitation of resources asked 2× | Board 2023Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Natality (birth rate) asked 2× | Board 2025Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Tubectomy asked 2× | Board 2024Board 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Population density asked 2× | Board 2023Board 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Cultural revolutions and population rise asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Vasectomy and tubectomy asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Legal marriage age (population control) asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Population control awareness methods asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Population explosion causes and effects asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Birth rate definition asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Causes of high birth rate asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Tubectomy and vasectomy asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Human Evolution · Human Evolution
| Australopithecus characteristics asked 2× | Sample 2026Sample 2027 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Vestigial organs asked 3× | Board 2025Sample 2024Sample 2025 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Homo sapiens asked 2× | Board 2026Sample 2024 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Cro-Magnon man characteristics asked 2× | Board 2025Sample 2024 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Vestigial organs (odd = Tongue) asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Darwin (natural selection) asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Industrial melanism (natural selection) asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Characteristics of modern man asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Speciation asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Darwin's natural selection and peppered moth asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Inheritance of acquired characters (Lamarck refuted) asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Peppered moth asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Industrial melanism (peppered moth, natural selection) asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Sequence of human ancestors asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Human evolution characteristics (body hair) asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Pollution · Pollution
| Swachh Bharat Abhiyan objectives asked 4× | Board 2026Sample 2024Sample 2025Sample 2026 | ★★★★★ |
| Biodegradable wastes asked 3× | Board 2024Board 2026Sample 2024 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Biomedical waste asked 3× | Board 2023Board 2026Sample 2024 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Effects of acid rain asked 3× | Board 2024Board 2025Sample 2023 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Pollution asked 2× | Sample 2023Sample 2025 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Air pollutants asked 2× | Board 2023Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Effects of noise pollution asked 2× | Board 2024Sample 2025 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Climate change asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Industrialisation and pollution asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Types of pollution asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Health effects of pollution asked 1× | Sample 2027 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Water pollutants asked 2× | Board 2024Sample 2023 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Smog asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Non-biodegradable wastes asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Effects of ozone depletion asked 1× | Sample 2026 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Water pollution causes, effects and control asked 1× | Sample 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Source of CFCs asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| CNG as clean fuel asked 1× | Sample 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Deforestation, air quality and pollution control asked 1× | Board 2026 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Biodegradable substances asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| CFC (ozone depletion) asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Match pollution and population terms asked 1× | Sample 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Thermal pollution asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Noise pollution effects asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Biomedical wastes asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| CFC and CNG (pollution terms) asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (pollution control) asked 1× | Board 2025 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (pollution control measure) asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Effects of carbon monoxide asked 1× | Board 2024 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Soil pollution from fertilizers asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Global warming and greenhouse effect asked 1× | Board 2023 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Importance = how often a topic was asked × how recent, with extra weight for the latest official sample paper.