CBSE Class 12 Mathematics Guess Paper 2027

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A full practice paper on the official Mathematics pattern, built from the most-likely questions by repetition analysis. Not an official or leaked paper.

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CBSE Class 12 Mathematics — Guess Paper 2027
Time: 3 hours · Maximum marks: 80 · Practice paper
Section A20 questions of 1 mark each — 18 MCQ + 2 Assertion-Reason
Q1.
If integral 3ax/(b2 + c2 x2) dx = A log |b2 + c2 x2| + K, then the value of A is (A) 3a (B) 3a/(2b2) (C) 3a/(b2 c2) (D) 3a/(2c2)
Why this question: Integrals → Evaluate an integral by substitution — appeared 7× Board 2022Board 2024Board 2025Board 2026Sample 2025Sample 2026
1 mark
Q2.
The area of the shaded region bounded by the curves y2 = x, x = 4 and the x-axis is given by (A) integral04 x dx (B) integral02 y2 dy (C) 2 integral04 sqrt(x) dx (D) integral04 sqrt(x) dx
diagram for Area bounded by a parabola and a line/ordinate
Why this question: Applications of the Integrals → Area bounded by a parabola and a line/ordinate — appeared 5× Board 2022Board 2025Sample 2025Sample 2026
1 mark
Q3.
A function f(x) = 10 - x - 2x2 is increasing on the interval (A) (-infinity, -1/4] (B) (-infinity, 1/4) (C) [-1/4, infinity) (D) [-1/4, 1/4]
Why this question: Applications of Derivatives → Find intervals of increase/decrease of a given function — appeared 4× Board 2025Board 2026Sample 2025Sample 2026
1 mark
Q4.
If A is a square matrix of order 4 and |adj A| = 27, then A (adj A) is equal to (A) 3 (B) 9 (C) 3 I (D) 9 I
Why this question: Determinants → Adjoint determinant identities — appeared 4× Board 2023Board 2025Sample 2025Sample 2026
1 mark
Q5.
Assertion (A): Let Z be the set of integers. A function f: Z → Z defined as f(x) = 3x - 5, ∀ x ∈ Z is a bijective. Reason (R): A function is a bijective if it is both surjective and injective. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and the Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A). (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A). (C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false. (D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Why this question: Relations and Functions → Determine/prove whether a function is one-one and onto — appeared 4× Board 2024Board 2025Board 2026Sample 2025
1 mark
Q6.
If f(x) = |x| + |x - 1|, then which of the following is correct? (A) f(x) is both continuous and differentiable, at x = 0 and x = 1. (B) f(x) is differentiable but not continuous, at x = 0 and x = 1. (C) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable, at x = 0 and x = 1. (D) f(x) is neither continuous nor differentiable, at x = 0 and x = 1.
Why this question: Continuity and Differentiability → Examine continuity/differentiability of a given function — appeared 4× Board 2024Board 2025Board 2026Sample 2025
1 mark
Q7.
The feasible region of a linear programming problem with objective function Z = 5x + 7y is shown below [feasible region is the shaded polygon with corner points (0, 0), (0, 2), (3, 4) and (7, 0)]. The maximum value of Z - minimum value of Z is (A) 8 (B) 29 (C) 35 (D) 43
diagram for Evaluate Z at given corner points to locate max/min
Why this question: Linear Programming → Evaluate Z at given corner points to locate max/min — appeared 4× Board 2023Board 2025Board 2026Sample 2025
1 mark
Q8.
If for three matrices A = [aij]m×4, B = [bij]n×3 and C = [cij]p×q, products AB and AC both are defined and are square matrices of same order, then value of m, n, p and q are: (A) m = q = 3 and n = p = 4 (B) m = 2, q = 3 and n = p = 4 (C) m = q = 4 and n = p = 3 (D) m = 4, p = 2 and n = q = 3
Why this question: Matrices → Order/conformability conditions for matrix products — appeared 3× Board 2025Sample 2025Sample 2026
1 mark
Q9.
Identify the function shown in the graph [graph of an inverse trigonometric function with range from -pi/2 to pi/2 and domain shown between -1 and 1]. (A) sin-1 x (B) sin-1(2x) (C) sin-1(x/2) (D) 2 sin-1 x
diagram for Identify an inverse-trig function / its inverse from a graph
Why this question: Inverse Trigonometric Functions → Identify an inverse-trig function / its inverse from a graph — appeared 3× Board 2025Sample 2025Sample 2026
1 mark
Q10.
If a + b + c = 0, |a| = sqrt(37), |b| = 3 and |c| = 4, then angle between b and c is (A) pi/6 (B) pi/4 (C) pi/3 (D) pi/2
Why this question: Vectors → Angle between two vectors (dot-product / magnitude conditions) — appeared 4× Board 2022Board 2025Sample 2025
1 mark
Q11.
The area bounded by the curve y = x|x|, x-axis and the ordinates x = -1 and x = 1 is given by (A) 0 (B) 1/3 (C) 2/3 (D) 4/3
Why this question: Applications of the Integrals → Area between a curve and the x-axis (modulus/trigonometric curve) — appeared 3× Board 2025Board 2026Sample 2025
1 mark
Q12.
If a function defined by f(x) = { kx + 1, x <= pi ; cos x, x > pi } is continuous at x = pi, then the value of k is (A) pi (B) -1/pi (C) 0 (D) -2/pi
Why this question: Continuity and Differentiability → Find parameter for a piecewise function to be continuous — appeared 3× Board 2023Board 2025Sample 2026
1 mark
Q13.
The value of p for which vectors i^ + 2j^ + 3k^ and 2i^ - pj^ + k^ are perpendicular to each other is (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 5/2 (D) -5/2
Why this question: Vectors → Find the scalar making two vectors perpendicular — appeared 3× Board 2023Board 2026Sample 2025
1 mark
Q14.
What is the general solution of the differential equation ey' = x? (A) y = xlogx + c (B) y = xlogx - x + c (C) y = xlogx + x + c (D) y = x + c
Why this question: Differential Equations → Solve a variables-separable differential equation — appeared 3× Board 2023Board 2026Sample 2025
1 mark
Q15.
The order and degree of the differential equation d/dx(ey) = 0 respectively are (A) 0, 1 (B) 1, 1 (C) 2, 1 (D) 1, not defined
Why this question: Differential Equations → Find order and/or degree of a differential equation — appeared 4× Board 2022Board 2023Board 2024Board 2026
1 mark
Q16.
If the matrix A = [[0, r, -2], [3, p, t], [q, -4, 0]] is skew-symmetric, then value of (q+t)/(p+r) is.... (A) -2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
Why this question: Matrices → Find unknown entries of a skew-symmetric matrix — appeared 2× Sample 2025Sample 2026
1 mark
Q17.
The feasible region of a linear programming problem is bounded but the objective function attains its minimum value at more than one point. One of the points is (5,0). Then one of the other possible points at which the objective function attains its minimum value is (A) (2,9) (B) (6,6) (C) (4,7) (D) (0,0)
diagram for Alternate optima: objective attains optimum at more than one point
Why this question: Linear Programming → Alternate optima: objective attains optimum at more than one point — appeared 2× Sample 2025Sample 2026
1 mark
Q18.
The least value of f(x) = x3 - 12x, x in [0, 3] is (A) -16 (B) -9 (C) 0 (D) 16
Why this question: Applications of Derivatives → Absolute maximum/minimum of a polynomial on a closed interval — appeared 3× Board 2025Board 2026
1 mark
Q19.
If the direction cosines of a line are sqrt(3) k, sqrt(3) k, sqrt(3) k, then the value of k is : (A) +/- 1 (B) +/- sqrt(3) (C) +/- 3 (D) +/- 1/3
Why this question: Three-dimensional Geometry → Direction cosines and the cos2 sum identity — appeared 3× Board 2023Board 2024
1 mark
Q20.
If 2 cos-1 x = y, then (A) 0 <= y <= pi (B) -pi <= y <= pi (C) 0 <= y <= 2pi (D) -pi <= y <= 0
Why this question: Inverse Trigonometric Functions → Range of a scaled inverse-trig function — appeared 2× Board 2023Board 2026
1 mark
Section B5 Very Short Answer questions of 2 marks each
Q21.
A room freshner bottle in the shape of an inverted cone sprays the perfume at regular intervals such that volume of the perfume in the bottle decreases at the steady rate of 1 mm3/min. Find the rate at which level of perfume is dropping at an instant when level of perfume in the bottle is 10 mm, if the semi-vertical angle of conical bottle is pi/6.
diagram for Related rates in a conical/spherical vessel (volume rate to radius/height/surface rate)
Why this question: Applications of Derivatives → Related rates in a conical/spherical vessel (volume rate to radius/height/surface rate) — appeared 6× Board 2023Board 2026Sample 2026
2 marks
Q22.
Evaluate: tan(sin-1 1 - cos-1(-1/2))
Why this question: Inverse Trigonometric Functions → Evaluate a composite inverse-trig numeric expression — appeared 5× Board 2023Board 2024Board 2025Board 2026Sample 2026
2 marks
Q23.
Find: integral (x-3)/(x-1)3 ex dx
Why this question: Integrals → Special integral via f + f' recognition — appeared 3× Board 2025Sample 2025Sample 2026
2 marks
Q24.
If y = log tan(pi/4 + x/2), then prove that dy/dx - sec x = 0
Why this question: Continuity and Differentiability → Prove a derivative identity for a log/exponential function — appeared 2× Sample 2026
2 marks
Q25.
If sqrt(3)(x2 + y2) = 4xy, then find dy/dx at (1/2, sqrt(3)/2).
Why this question: Continuity and Differentiability → Implicit differentiation to find dy/dx — appeared 3× Board 2025Board 2026
2 marks
Section C6 Short Answer questions of 3 marks each
Q26.
Out of two bags, bag I contains 3 red and 4 white balls and bag II contains 8 red and 6 white balls. A die is thrown. If it shows a number less than 3 then a ball is drawn at random from bag I, otherwise a ball is drawn at random from bag II. Find the probability that the ball drawn from one of the bags is a red ball.
Why this question: Probability → Total probability theorem: find overall probability of an event — appeared 7× Board 2024Board 2025Board 2026Sample 2025Sample 2026
3 marks
Q27.
(a) A relation R on set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} is defined as R = {(x, y) : |x2 - y2| < 8}. Check whether the relation R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. OR (b) A function f is defined from R -> R as f(x) = ax + b, such that f(1) = 1 and f(2) = 3. Find function f(x). Hence, check whether function f(x) is one-one and onto or not.
Why this question: Relations and Functions → Check reflexive/symmetric/transitive for a defined relation — appeared 5× Board 2023Board 2024Board 2026Sample 2026
3 marks
Q28.
Solve the following linear programming problem graphically: Minimize Z = 13x - 15y Subject to constraints x + y <= 7, 2x - 3y + 6 >= 0, x >= 0, y >= 0
Why this question: Linear Programming → Solve an LPP graphically (maximise/minimise over a feasible region) — appeared 5× Board 2023Board 2024Board 2025Board 2026Sample 2026
3 marks
Q29.
Find: integral x2/((x2 + 9)(x2 + 16)) dx
Why this question: Integrals → Integrate a rational function using partial fractions — appeared 5× Board 2022Board 2023Board 2024Board 2026Sample 2026
3 marks
Q30.
Evaluate: integral from 0 to 1 of x(1 - x)n dx; (where n in N).
Why this question: Integrals → Evaluate a definite integral using the a-x property (King's rule) — appeared 4× Board 2022Board 2023Sample 2025Sample 2026
3 marks
Q31.
Find the general solution of the following differential equation: x2 dy/dx = x2 + xy + y2
Why this question: Differential Equations → Solve a homogeneous differential equation (general/particular) — appeared 4× Board 2023Board 2024Board 2026Sample 2026
3 marks
Section D4 Long Answer questions of 5 marks each
Q32.
If A = [[0,2,1],[-2,-1,-2],[1,-1,0]], find A-1 and use it to solve the following system of equations: -2y + z = 7, 2x - y - z = 8, x - 2y = 10
Why this question: Determinants → Solve a 3x3 linear system by matrix inverse method — appeared 4× Board 2023Board 2024Board 2026Sample 2026
5 marks
Q33.
Check whether the lines given by (x - 1)/2 = (y - 2)/3 = (z - 3)/4 and (x - 4)/5 = (y - 1)/2 = z are parallel or not. If parallel, find the distance between them, otherwise find their point of intersection, if the lines are intersecting.
Why this question: Three-dimensional Geometry → Shortest distance / relationship between two lines in space — appeared 4× Board 2022Board 2025Board 2026Sample 2025
5 marks
Q34.
Find the image A' of the point A(1, 6, 3) in the line x/1 = (y - 1)/2 = (z - 2)/3. Also, find the equation of the line joining A and A'.
Why this question: Three-dimensional Geometry → Image (foot of perpendicular reflection) of a point in a line — appeared 3× Board 2024Board 2025Sample 2025
5 marks
Q35.
Solve the differential equation: y + d/dx(xy) = x(sin x + x)
Why this question: Differential Equations → Solve a linear differential equation via integrating factor — appeared 3× Board 2022Board 2023Sample 2026
5 marks
Section E3 Case-study based questions of 4 marks each (with sub-parts)
Q36.
Using integration, find the area of the smaller region enclosed by the curve 4x2 + 4y2 = 9 and the line 2x + 2y = 3.
Why this question: Applications of the Integrals → Area of a region involving a circle — appeared 5× Board 2022Board 2026
4 marks
Q37.
[An online delivery company in a city has 5000 subscribers and collects annual subscription fees of Rs 300 per subscriber for unlimited free deliveries. The company wishes to increase the annual subscription fee. It is predicted that, for every increase of Rs 1, ten subscribers will discontinue. Assume that the company increased the annual fee by Rs x.] How many subscribers will discontinue after an increase of Rs x in annual fee?
Why this question: Applications of Derivatives → Optimization word problem: model a quantity and maximize it (volume/area/revenue/profit) — appeared 14× Board 2025Board 2026Sample 2025Sample 2026
4 marks
Q38.
[Case Study 3: three groups by screen time - high (>4 hrs) 60%, moderate (2-4 hrs) 30%, low (<2 hrs) 10%; anxiety/low-retention rates 80%, 70%, 30% respectively.] II. A student is selected at random, and he is found to suffer from anxiety and low retention issues. What is the probability that he/she spends screen time more than 4 hours per day?
Why this question: Probability → Bayes' theorem: find the posterior (reverse) probability of a cause — appeared 4× Board 2024Board 2025Sample 2025Sample 2026
4 marks
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